Part 1 - the Lambda - API Gateway APIs with Keycloak JWT authentication

 AWS API Gateway is an AWS service to "front" a variety of AWS services by providing an HTTP front end.  One common use is to access logic coded into an AWS Lambda to allow services and web browsers to access the Lambda and it's services.  A Lambda is one of the main tools for serverless development in the AWS ecosystem.

 

If your API Gateway service is public (meaning it's not enclosed within a VPC) then anyone in the world meaning can use (and abuse) your API.  Therefore, it is imperative to have some sort of validation check on who is calling the API and to make sure the caller is authorized to interact with the API.

So this set of posts will show you how to use one of the types of API Gateway authorization, JWT authorizers.  JWT is a standard for tokens that are passed (usually over HTTP) from a consumer to a service.  It is most commonly used in Oauth2 environments.

API Gateway has two synchronous ways of interacting with it, along with a Websocket integration:

1. HTTP API - a simple way of leveraging API Gateway.  HTTP endpoints are simple to setup and expose.  We will be using this pattern for this article.
   
2. REST API - a more expansive integration pattern.  The REST API endpoints allow for nearly complete control over the input and output of the calls.  A future post will address security with this type of integration.

One thing that makes the HTTP API simple to integrate is that it has built in JWT authentication.  This allows you to set up and API that can be pointed to any Oauth2 server to validate the token.

For this article I'll use my own Keycloak instance.  Keycloak is an open-source identity and access management platform.  It's super simple to get running and, as my Grandmother would have said, "the price is right" - free!

Note: in this set of articles I am showing you the "ClickOps" method of setting up your environment by doing everything though the AWS console.  This is not a best practice by any means.  Best practice is to use a toolkit such as AWS CDK or others to have an IaC (Infrastructure-as-Code) environment.  An IaC environment allows you to reproduce your overall infrastructure easily and allows much simpler auditing.  But this is a demo - it's not meant to be the be-all and end-all for AWS best practices.

For this article I'll be using my AWS Lambda API Gateway code.  This is a very simple Java Lambda that calls another service (https://icanhazdadjoke.com/) purely for demonstration purposes.  That and I like Dad jokes.

This post isn't meant to be an in depth examination of Lambda but I'll give you the basics.  Again, I'm using the AWS console for this but there are better ways long term.

Start by cloning the repository.  It requires Java 21 and Maven.  Maven 3.9.3 was used for this code but other versions are likely to work.  The instructions for building are in the source code but generally it should just be:

mvn clean package

The output will be in target/api-gw-service-1.0.jar in your local machine.  Using the AWS console, the basic deployment steps are:

Go to Lambda in the AWS console - make sure you're in the region that you want:

If you haven't created a function before, select the "Create a function" button:

Otherwise, if you have other Lambda's, select the "Create function" button:

In the next screen, decide on a name for your function - it's up to you besides the AWS restrictions.  Make sure you select a "Runtime" of Java 21 though and then "Create function":

After clicking "Create function" it will take a moment or two to show you the definition of the function.  There are multiple things to configure but let's start by uploading the code.  Under "Code source", select the "Upload from" drop down and choose ".zip or .jar file":

A dialog will popup.  Select "Upload" and then navigate in your file system to the location of the api-gw-service-1.0.jar file.  This file should be about 1.4 MB in size or so. Important: do not upload the file original-api-gw-service-1.0.jar.  It will be about 4-5kb and does not contain the contents you need.   Once you've selected it in the dialog, select "Save".  It will take a moment or two to upload your file.  Next, let's update the "Runtime settings".  Scroll down to the "Runtime settings" area and select "Edit":

A new page will display.  Update the "Handler" section to have com.hotjoe.handler.HttpClientLambdaHandler::handleRequest for the the Handler:

Don't change the "Runtime" or the Architecture (though the Java code will run on either x86_64 or arm64).  Select "Save".

One more edit in the Lambda area and we're done.  From the default screen of the Lambda, select the "Configuration" tab and then "General configuration":

Select the "Edit" button in the General configuration area and, in the next screen, update the "SnapStart" selection to "PublishedVersions":

This enables Lambda to keep a version of your Lambda in a state that allows faster restarts.  Leave the rest of the parameters the same for now.  This is a very small Lambda and doesn't use anywhere close to the default of 512MB of memory.  And no ephemeral storage is used at all so that setting doesn't matter.

Once you've selected "Save" on this screen you'll be back to the Lambda function "home page" for your function.  We still need to setup API Gateway but let's stop and test here first to make sure that Lambda is setup correctly.

Select the "Test" tab in the middle section and then select the "Test" button to the right.  If everything worked right after a few seconds you should get a green box indicating success:

If you want to see the output, select the "logs" link in the green box to see the CloudWatch log group:

Select the "Log stream" (yours will be named differently from mine) to display the logs.  You can dig in to see what the dad joke API got (it will be nothing because the code expects an API Gateway request) and what it sent back.  Note that the very first time you run the Lambda this way it will take 3 to 4 seconds to run.  The next time will be closer to 150ms.  This is the reason you enabled SnapStart as Java Lambdas can have a high startup time but, once cached, are very fast.

 

This is part 1 of the post - basically getting the Lambda setup.  Part 2 shows you how to setup the API Gateway.

Photo by Markus Spiske on Unsplash